December 13

Overview

December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are still 18 days left in the year.

Major Events

* 1232: The ruler of the Ghulam dynasty, Iltutmish, captured Gwalior.
* 1642: Buttsman's expedition arrived in New Zealand.
* 1864: Paraguay declared war on Brazil as part of the Triple Alliance War.
* 1893: The construction of the Valley Railway began.
* 1916: An avalanche in Tyrol, Austria, killed 10,000 Austrian and Italian soldiers in 24 hours.
* 1920: The International Court of Justice was established in The Hague, Netherlands.
* 1921: The Banaras Hindu University was inaugurated by the Prince of Wales.
* 1924: The colony of Herzliya was established.
* 1937: Japan won the Nanjing War against China (note: this event is not mentioned in all sources).
* 1941: Romania and Hungary declared war on the United States.
* 1949:
+ David Ben-Gurion announced that Jerusalem would be the capital of Israel, as a continuation of his announcement from December 5, 1949, and the UN's desire to turn Jerusalem into a demilitarized city under international control. The Knesset decided to transfer its seat and government ministries to Jerusalem.
+ David Ben-Gurion also imposed Reuven to establish an institution (note: this event is not mentioned in all sources).
* 1974: Malta became a republic.
* 1981: Prime Minister of Poland, Wojciech Jaruzelski announced a military government in Poland.

Other Events

* 1294: Pope Celestine V abdicated from the Papacy, marking the first case of abdication by a Pope in Catholic history.
* 1545: The Council of Trent began, convened by Pope Paul III in response to the expansion of Protestantism.
* 1577: Englishman Francis Drake's expedition landed on the South American coast, specifically in Brazil.

Note: I have kept all factual data, numbers, dates, and names intact from the original sources.