"Tobacco industry in Russia"

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Tobacco industry in Russia is a branch of industrial production associated with the cultivation of tobacco raw materials and its processing, manufacture of tobacco products, their sale and promotion on the territory of the Russian Federation.

According to Rosstat, in 2019, the volume of cigarette production in the country exceeded 211 billion pieces, which is 10.8% less than in the same period a year earlier.

History

Tsarist Russia

In Russia, the consumption, cultivation and distribution of tobacco was banned shortly after its import into the country in the early sixteenth century. Tobacco was legalized only in the reign of Peter I, who granted exclusive rights to trade in the country to the Marquis Carmarthen. Returning home from the Grand Embassy, Peter I spread the culture of tobacco consumption as part of the European way of life. This was facilitated by the “admonitions to the Russian flock” of Patriarch Hadrian, who supported the innovations of the sovereign. In 1705 in Russia was established "official tobacco sale on the example of drinking." But nine years later, the state monopoly was replaced by a more profitable system. At the same time, the first tobacco factories were opened in St. Petersburg and Akhtyrka.

However, the beginning of the development of the tobacco industry in Russia is considered to be 1763, when state adviser Grigory Teplov was instructed to monitor the sowing of American tobacco in Little Russia. The office he had set up in Romnes oversaw the fishing, and distributed seeds and breeding instructions free of charge to the landlords every two years. At the initiative of Teplov, the government established premiums for tobacco farming on farms. The law of 1764 allowed owners of newly established tobacco factories to trade duty-free for ten years. But good Russian tobacco was not enough, so the Chinese and Brazilian tobacco trade flourished at the same time.

By the beginning of the XIX century, plantations of American tobacco were located near Semipalatinsk, Nerchinsk, Irkutsk, Biysk, along the Upper Irtysh, and prices fell sharply to 1.25 rubles per pood. The government has banned the cultivation of tobacco and the production of tobacco products. By the middle of the century, one tobacco factory in the capital could produce cigars, smoking and snuff tobacco up to 4.5 thousand poods per year. For comparison, in 1842 only in St. Petersburg there were 26 such productions, with a total turnover of more than 50 thousand poods of various tobacco and up to 500 thousand cigars. By the end of the XIX century, there were 272 factories in the country, the largest number of them in the Southern region (53), as well as in the North-West (44) and Middle Black Earth (39). The state exported most of the tobacco produced to Germany, Finland, France, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Greece, Denmark and Austria-Hungary. At the beginning of the XX century in Russia annually produced about 24.5 billion cigars and cigarettes. More than 80% of products were produced in St. Petersburg, the rest in Moscow.

USSR

In 1918 in Russia in