ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

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In the beginning, man bore his burdens. In the history of transport, however, he quickly developed systems and devices that facilitated this work.

Carriages

Many hunter-gatherers were carriers. A vehicle has the greatest off-road capability. It climbs steep mountains and does not even need paths to reach residential areas, rivers or lakes. Even today, loads are carried by people (sherpas), in rough areas even over longer distances. In the Neolithic period – seasonally or permanently – two types of main food were moved. On the one hand, mature crops had to be transported to the place of residence, possibly treated and stored. On the other hand, herd animals were moved by nomads and thus stored alive.

Supports
Early carrying aids were the braided fur bag, the basket, the gravel, the back carrying, nets, hollowed pumpkins, the carrying straps or a branch, with the help of which hunters carried their prey and collectors the collection material from the found to the living place. With the development of textiles, the wearing cloth followed. The support yoke is a one-man shoulder support, with which you can still until the 20th century. century wore baskets or buckets.

Tracing animals

It is not possible to determine when carriers were first used. It remains unclear, e.g. whether the loads up to 15 kg and very early domesticated dog was already used as a packing animal. However, in the 9th millennium BC at the latest, a working animal was domesticated with the cattle, which could carry weights up to 100 kg. Due to further domestications came, in some cases only much later: Dromedar (150 kg; 50 km/day), Elk, Hausel (90 kg); 25 km/day), Gaur, Lama, horse, reindeer, tramp animal (250 kg); 35 km/day) as well as yak and zebu, which are still used in rough areas today as carrying, riding and train animals.

Drawing
More than their carrying capacity is the pulling capacity of each species. Although the work initially performed by cows does not presuppose the invention of the yoke (which may have occurred several times), it can be assumed about 3500 BC in the Baden culture, where skeletal changes in cattle refer to it. However, the evidence is younger. The train performance for transport was preceded by the work of Ochsen before the plow. The castration of bulls, which has been proven since tape ceramics, eliminated their aggressiveness and made the enormous force controllable.

In ethnological research, Peter Bogucki and Paul Halstead came to the conclusion that the use of migrant cattle significantly increased agricultural production. This was primarily done over the larger arable area, which is easier to process.

Grinding and carriage

The combination of pull animal-yoke plow is followed by the invention of grinding transport systems with some automatism. The development line Joch, Plow and Ox also recognizes Bakker, who sees the close connection with the plow, the yoke, the castration of bulls and the use of their traction. Face