Treaty of Luxembourg (2005)

Background

The Treaty of Luxembourg, also known as the 2005 Treaty of Accession, was a landmark agreement between the European Union and Bulgaria and Romania, marking their accession to the EU. The treaty was signed on 25 April 2005 in Luxembourg.

Preceding Agreements

Prior to the signing of the Treaty of Luxembourg, pre-accession agreements were signed by the two countries. These agreements paved the way for their eventual membership in the European Union.

Signing and Ratification

The European Parliament approved the signing of the Accession Treaty on 13 April 2005, with 497 votes in favor of Romania's accession, 93 against, and 71 abstentions. Bulgaria's accession was approved by 522 votes to 70 with 69 abstentions. The signing ceremony took place at Neumünster Abbey in Luxembourg on 25 April 2005.

Amendments

The Treaty of Luxembourg amended the Treaties establishing the European Community (TEC) and the European Union (TEU), making provisions for the fifth enlargement of the EU.

Entry into Force

The treaty entered into force on 1 January 2007, coinciding with the day of the European Union's enlargement. This marked a significant milestone in the expansion of the EU, welcoming Bulgaria and Romania as new member states.

Signatories

On behalf of Romania, President Traian Basescu, Prime Minister Calin Popez-Tariceanu, Foreign Minister Mihai Razvan Ungureanu, and chief negotiator were present at the signing ceremony.