Treaty of Bucharest (1913)

--- CONTENT ---
The Bucharest peace treaty ended the Second Balkan War. It was signed on 10 August 1913 by the diplomatic representatives of the countries involved in the conflict: the kingdoms of Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania and Serbia.

Context
Bulgaria, which had been defeated in the Second Balkan War, lost most of the territories it had conquered in 1912 and 1913 to the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War: Serbia received northern Macedonia, with the former Turkish Sanjacado of Novi Pazar with Montenegro; Greece occupied southern Macedonia and Thessaloniki; while, in the end, Romania obtained the region of the Silistria (or Silistra), which corresponds to the Southern Dobrudja.

Following the wake of this same treaty, the Treaty of Constantinople, signed on 29 September 1913 in the Turkish city of Istanbul, set the territorial limits between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire: the Enos-Midia line remained the point of reference, but a minor rectification in its route allowed the Ottoman Empire to recover the cities of Edirne (Adrianópolis), Kirk-Kilisse and Demotica.

Consequences

The Treaty is not able to meet the aspirations of either party, or of the other powers with interests in the area, contributing to the escalation of tension in the Balkans, which in the long run will lead to the Sarajevo attack, which has detonated the First World War.

The Ottoman Empire, immersed in a process of nationalist reconstruction after the arrival of the Turkish Youth, wishes to regain Turkish rule over a larger part of the Balkans, of which it has so recently been deprived. This will lead to the alignment of the Empire with the Central Powers during World War I.

Bulgaria feels the great loser, as it has been unable to build its idea of a Great Bulgaria incorporating all of Macedonia, and the irredent idea, with Russia's support, is transformed into support for Macedonian nationalists. And more so, as he had already suffered severe territorial cuts since the Treaty of San Stefano in March 1878.

Greece is frustrated by its desire to occupy the entire European coast of the Aegean Sea, as Bulgaria retains a small exit to that sea, while the final annexation of the island of Crete increases its irredentism over other territories with Greek population, both Cyprus and the Asian coast of the Aegean, especially Smirna. The anti-Italian feeling also grows, motivated by the occupation of the Dodecanese by the Italians since the Italian-Turkish war.

Albania, despite obtaining autonomy, remains nominally under Turkish rule, while Italy, Serbia and Montenegro do not hide the powers over the territory.

Serbia continues to seek an exit to the Adriatic, which can only be achieved by the occupation of Albania, or by occupying Montenegro,