Tulipa cypria

### Description

Tulipa cypria, also known as the Cyprus tulip, is an erect perennial bulbous herb that grows up to 40 cm high. It has four alternate, simple, and entire leaves that are fleshy in nature. The two lower leaves are larger, lanceolate, measuring 10-20 x 2–6 cm, with conspicuously undulate margins. In contrast, the two higher leaves are much smaller, nearly linear.

### Appearance

The plant produces one terminal showy flower, which is cup-shaped and has six free, petaloid segments. The petals are dark blood-red in color, measuring 2.5-9 x 1-3.5 cm. Each petal has a black bony inner spot on it, slightly limited by yellow.

### Habitat

Tulipa cypria is endemic to Cyprus and can be found in three locations: the Akamara forest, the Cormaiti-Mietus-Panagra, and the Mammaire. It grows at high altitudes between 100 and 300 meters above sea level.

### Conservation Status

The estimated population of Tulipa cypria is around 2,000 individuals. The plant's habitat is threatened by excessive evaporation, over-harvesting, expansion of urban areas, weak regeneration, and the use of herbicides. Natural fires also affect this plant.

### Threats and Guards

Robbery, which includes excessive harvesting and collection of plants, is a significant threat to Tulipa cypria. The expansion of urban areas and the use of herbicides further exacerbate the problem. Efforts are needed to protect the remaining habitats and prevent over-exploitation of this endemic species.

### Distribution

Tulipa cypria can be found in the north of Cyprus, particularly in the regions around Tepebaşı and Avtepe. It is also known as Medoş Lalesi among the Turkish people of Cyprus.

### Notes

The plant's name "Cyprus" refers to its endemic status on the island. The species has been described as a threat due to excessive collection, which can lead to population decline and even extinction.