ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base
Unstated
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ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW, A STATELESS PERSON IS "NO COUNTRY CONSIDERS A CITIZEN UNDER HIS STATE LAW." SOME NON-STATE PEOPLE ARE REFUGEES TOO. HOWEVER, NOT ALL REFUGEES ARE LEFT WITHOUT A STATE. THERE ARE MANY NON-STATE CITIZENS WHO HAVE NEVER CROSSED ANY INTERNATIONAL BORDER. ON NOVEMBER 12, 2018, THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES SAID THERE ARE ABOUT 1 MILLION NON-STATE CITIZENS IN THE WORLD.
REASONS
THE PRONOUNCE OF LAW
THE LAWS OF CONFLICTING NATIONALITY ARE ONE OF THE REASONS FOR THE STATE'S NON-STATE. NATIONALISM IS USUALLY ACHIEVED BY ONE OF THE TWO SYSTEMS BELOW, ALTHOUGH AT PRESENT MANY NATIONS RECOGNIZE BOTH METHODS:
JUICE SOLI ("RIGHT OF LAND") REFERS TO A REGIME THAT ACQUIRES NATIONALITY BY BIRTH. IT'S VERY COMMON IN AMERICA.
JUICE SINGUINIS ("RIGHT TO BLOOD") IS A REGIME THAT HAS TO ACHIEVE NATIONALITY THROUGH BLOOD RELATIONS, USUALLY BY PARENTS. NEARLY ALL STATES OF EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA, AND OCEANIA GRANT CITIZENSHIP TO BIRTH, BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF JUICE SINGUNNIS.
THE PERSON WHO DOES NOT DESERVE CITIZENSHIP THROUGH HIS PARENTS CAN BE ABANDONED IF HE IS BORN IN A STATE WHERE JUICE SOLI DOESN'T RECOGNIZE HIM. FOR EXAMPLE, OUTSIDE CANADA, A CHILD BORN TO TWO CANADIAN PARENTS WILL BE UNSTATED IF HER PARENTS ARE BORN WITHOUT A CANADIAN FAMILY. SHE WON'T BE A CANADIAN, BECAUSE JUICE SINGUNNIS IS ONLY RECOGNIZED FOR THE FIRST GENERATION OF CANADA. IF THE CHILD IS BORN IN INDIA AND NO PARENTAL CITIZENSHIP IS ALLOWED TO BE INDIAN, THE CHILD CAN BE UNSTATED, SINCE INDIA ONLY GIVES BIRTH TO THE CHILDREN BORN TO INDIAN PARENTS, IT IS LIKELY THAT PARENTS WILL INHERIT CITIZENSHIP.
BECAUSE OF SEX
ALTHOUGH MANY COUNTRIES ARE BORN WHEREVER THEY ARE BORN, PARENTS ARE ALLOWED TO INHERIT NATIONALITY BECAUSE OF THEIR PARENTS' ORIGIN, WHEREVER THEY DON'T ALLOW WOMEN TO GIVE BIRTH TO THEIR CHILDREN. WOMEN'S CHILDREN IN 27 COUNTRIES DO NOT HAVE NATIONALITY. MOST OF THESE COUNTRIES ARE ASIA AND AFRICA. IF THE FATHER IS UNABLE TO PROVE A STATELESS, UNKNOWN OR NATIONALITY, THE CHILD CAN BE UNSTATED. IN EARLY 2015, SOME COUNTRIES, INCLUDING ALGERIA, MOROCCO, AND SENEGAL, HAVE BEEN REFORMED BY THE LAW WHICH CHANGED THE ROLE OF GENDER NEUTRALITY IN THIS LAW. FOR EXAMPLE, ALGERIA CORRECTED ITS NATIONALITY TO GIVE THE ALGERIAN MOTHER OR FATHER'S CHILDREN A NATIONALITY IN ALGERIA IN 2005 OR OUTSIDE. IN ADDITION, GENDER-BASED DISCRIMINATION HAS BEEN PROHIBITED FROM GIVING NATIONALITY TO ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN.
AN IMPORTANT STEP TO PREVENT STATELESSNESS FROM HAPPENING AT BIRTH WILL GIVE BIRTH TO CHILDREN BORN IN A REGION, OTHERWISE THEY WILL BE UNSTATED. THIS RULE IS SET TO BE HELD AT THE CONVENTION OF STATE AGAINST FOREIGN AFFAIRS IN 1958; INCLUDING SEVERAL REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AGREEMENTS, INCLUDING AIMARY