Smyrnium olusatrum

Overview

Smyrnium olusatrum, also known as Maceron or Horse Carpet, is a biennial herbaceous plant in the Apiaceae family. It is native to the Levant, North Africa, and the northern Mediterranean basin.

Etymology

The name of the genus comes from the Greek σμυρνα (smurna), meaning mirra, in reference to the aroma of the seeds. The specific epithet "olusatrum" comes from the Latin olus atrum, meaning black grass, in reference to the color of the fruits at maturity.

Description

Smyrnium olusatrum is a two-year herbaceous plant with erect stems, cylindrical and reddish-streaked, typically growing 40–80 cm high but can exceed 150 cm. It has a robust and ramified root system. The leaves are opposite, glossy green in color, and composed of broad and serrated segments. The basal leaves are larger, with three distinct ovate segments, while the upper leaves are smaller and composed of three leaflets alone.

Inflorescences

The inflorescences are umbrella-shaped, composed of 6-12 (sometimes more) small umbels, each containing small white or yellow flowers. The flowers are arranged in a dense cluster at the end of the stem.

Habitat and Distribution

Smyrnium olusatrum is native to the Levant, North Africa, and the northern Mediterranean basin. It can be found growing wild in these regions, often in areas with well-drained soil and full sun.

Uses

The plant has been used as a food source for centuries, particularly its leaves and young shoots, which are consumed raw or cooked. In some cultures, it is still cultivated as a vegetable crop. The seeds of the plant have also been used to produce a fragrant oil with medicinal properties.

Synonyms

Smyrnium olusatrum has several synonyms, including Smyrnius asper and Maceron corinoli.

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