Tunisia

Tunisia (; in Berber, Tunis;), officially known as the Tunisian Republic (,), is a sovereign country located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean coast. Its form of government is a semi-presidential republic.

Geography

Tunisia is situated between the eastern foothills of the Atlas mountain range and the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a total area of 163,610 km² (63,230 sq mi) and an estimated population of 11.8 million people. Approximately 40% of its territory consists of the Sahara desert, while the remaining areas are fertile and suitable for agriculture.

History

### Ancient Period

The origin of Tunisia dates back to ancient times. The country's history is closely tied to that of the Mediterranean region. According to historical records, the area was inhabited by various tribes, including the Phoenicians, who founded the city of Carthage (modern-day Tunis) around 814 BC.

### Pre-Islamic Period

Before the advent of Islam, Tunisia was influenced by Greek and Roman civilizations. The country was a major center of trade and culture in the ancient world. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Tunisia was conquered by various tribes, including the Vandals and the Byzantines.

Modern Era

In modern times, Tunisia gained independence from France on March 20, 1956. The country has since developed a semi-presidential republic form of government. Its territory is organized into 24 governorates or wilayat (provinces). The capital city, Tunis, is the most populous urban center and gives the country its name.

Economy

Tunisia's economy is primarily based on agriculture, with approximately 40% of the land dedicated to farming. The country also has a significant coastline, with 1148 km (718 mi) of Mediterranean shoreline. Its borders are shared with Algeria to the west, Libya to the south-east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east and north.

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