"Winemaker (bird)"

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The Vinemaker is an ostrich bird of the family of Emberizids, one of the tsichlons that respond to the Greek site. The scientific name of the species is Emberiza melanocefala and does not include subspecies.

World population trend
Unknown?

Nomenclature
The scientific name of the genus, eberiza is probably a popularized term of the old Swiss-German word Embritz "chikloni". Answers variations, Emberyza, Emberitza, Embriza, Emberisa. The term was also borrowed by the Greek language ("emberiza").

The term malanocephala in the scientific name of the species is a direct elastinized rendering of the Greek term "melanocephalus", referring to the bird's main diagnostic feature. The same reference is made for the English name of the bird (Black-headed bunting).

Systematic taxonomics
The species was described by Austrian naturalist T. Scopoli (Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, 1723 – 1788) (Slovenia, 1769), under its current scientific name. It may form superspecies along with the Asian species E. bruniceps, with which it forms hybrids in the Caspian region, in B Iran, although molecular data indicate significant genetic divergence between them. Recent phylogenetic studies link it to Melothus lathami.

Geographical spread
The winemaker is a fully migratory species, i.e. in the areas where he responds, he is never found all year round. Its geographical spread is quite small (eco-region: Palearctic) and, limited to a relatively thin zone extending from the height of the central Mediterranean, about east to the Middle East, then interrupted to continue in the Indian subcontinent, where winter areas are located.

Specifically, it reproduces during the summer season in the SE. Europe, from the height of Slovenia and K. Italy, east to the Balkans and north to Ukraine (east of the Dnieper River) and South Russia to Crimea. The breeding zone continues east to Asia Minor, Black Sea, Middle East, Transcave, Transcaucasia (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, but not in the main Caucasus region), BA. and South Iran, south to Israel and D. Jordan. The eastern and southern boundaries of reproductive territory are located in South Afghanistan and South Pakistan.

The wintering places of the species are located in India and, in particular, in its central, western-central areas, which look towards the Arab Sea, to North Karnataka.

Immigrant behaviour
The winemaker is a fully migratory long-distance bird, forming swarms, with males arriving in the winter areas before females. There, it can be mixed with people of the species Petronia xanthocollis and roost in thorny acacia. It travels by small clusters of 10-50 people.

All populations are headed NNA towards D. and C. India. Occasionally, winter visitors are reported in