"Writing"

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Writing is a set of written means of communication of a language; a system of signs designed to organize, fix and transmit various data (speech information and other elements of meaning regardless of their linguistic form) at a distance and give this data a timeless appearance. Writing is one of the forms of human language.

The smallest semantic units of writing are graphemes.

General characteristics

Writing differs from other existing or possible systems of symbolic communication in that it is always associated with some language and spoken language. In contrast to writing, various kinds of visual-graphical representations of information, such as drawings, paintings, non-verbal cartographic elements, etc. Not related to any particular language. Symbols on informational signs (images of a man and a woman, for example) also do not belong to the language, although they can become part of it if actively used in combination with other linguistic elements. Some other symbols, such as numerals and logograms, do not have a direct connection with a particular language, but are often used in writing and thus can be considered part of writing.

Language is inherent in every human community, and this fact can be regarded as an integral and defining characteristic of all mankind as a whole. However, the development of writing and its gradual displacement of traditional oral forms of communication have been sporadic, uneven and slow. Once established, writing generally undergoes changes less readily than oral speech, thereby preserving features and specific expressions no longer characteristic of the actual state of a living language. One of the most significant advantages of using writing is the ability to create permanent records of information expressed through language.

For the emergence and existence of writing requires:
at least one set of certain basic elements or symbols, which are individually referred to as signs and collectively as a writing system;
at least one set of rules and conditions (i.e., spelling), understood by the community and used by all or most of its participants, which determines the meaning of the basic elements (graphemes), the order of their flow and the relationship with each other;
at least one language spoken in a community whose constructions are reflected in and can be reconstructed from these elements and rules by interpreting what is written.
any physical means of clearly representing symbols on any permanent or partially non-permanent medium, so that they can be considered from there in one way or another (visually or by touch).
Most writing systems are characterized by such an ordering of symbolic elements that allows you to combine them into larger and larger clusters – words, acronyms