Xth millennium BC.

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17-15 millennia AP
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List of Millennias

It covers the period from year to year.

He sees the first fruits of agriculture in the Middle East. In this region, populations settle and some outbreaks of agricultural domestication appear. In many other parts of the world where agriculture begins later, this period is part of the Mesolithic.

Events
: beginning of the Holocene, geological era that succeeds the recent Dryas and the Upper Pleistocene (before the present, i.e.). Alleröd heating. The melting of glaciers causes a spectacular rise in sea level that reaches its present level years before the present. Wet period in the Sahara from about 4900 years before the present.

: beginning of the neolithic revolution. Agriculture appears in various regions of the globe between and . Earth is affected by a series of radical climate changes that have a significant impact on human communities: The rising temperatures lead to the melting of glaciers and allow flora and fauna to occupy previously inhospitable territories. Deserts that occupied more than half of the surfaces between the tropics recede as the water released by glaciers fed heavy rains. Living conditions become softer and food resources are more abundant and varied, which favours more, more grouped and more sedentary populations. Men begin to domesticate certain animals, and discover the interest of agriculture that allows for less random feeding than hunting and gathering. The development of specialized agricultural communities will lead to research into the need for storage (ceramic, basketry) and demands in trade (troc, first currencies of trade, luxury products, obsidian, semi-precious stones).

Africa
Before 9500: Ceramics appeared in Ounjougou, Mali, during the first half of the millennium. It is used by hunter-gatherers in an area where increasingly humid climatic conditions favour the establishment of tropical savannahs. A proto-agricultural economy is certainly developing through selective and intensive grass collection. From the millennia onwards, together with ceramics, there are grinding wheels and rollers used for grinding grains.

America
- : retreat of the ice cap in the north. Multiplication of human habitats (paleo-Indian period. Large game nomadic hunters use Clovis-type stone-jet weapon tips for mammoth and mastodon hunting, then smaller Folsom, used for bison hunting. Between and many animal species disappear (mammouths, mastodons, felines, muskoxen, camels...).
- :Culture of Lauricoc