1919

Overview

1919 is a common year that begins on a Wednesday.

Major Events

### Peace Treaties and Conferences

The Paris Peace Conference culminated on June 28, 1919, in the creation of the League of Nations and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. On September 10, 1919, the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed.

### Wars and Conflicts

* **Soviet-Polish War**: February 14, 1919 - The Soviet-Polish War begins.
* **Third Anglo-Afghan War**: May 3-28, 1919 - A conflict between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan.
* **Greek-Turkish War**: May 15, 1919 - Greece's occupation of Smyrna marks the start of the war.
* **Turkish War of Independence**: May 19, 1919 - The Turkish War of Independence begins.

### Other Events

* **Amritsar Massacre**: April 13, 1919 - A wake-up call for Indian nationalism.
* **Egyptian Revolution**: March 9, 1919 - A revolution in Egypt.
* **Spartakist Revolt**: January 5-12, 1919 - A revolt in Berlin.

### International Relations

* **Paris Convention**: October 13, 1919 - The Paris Convention regulating air navigation is signed.

Regional Events

### Africa

* **Creation of the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union (ICU)**: January 1919 - Clements Kadalie forms the first black union in South Africa.
* **First Pan-African Congress**: February 19-21, 1919 - Held in Paris, with W.E.B. DuBois and Blaise Diagne in attendance.

### Europe

* **German Labor Party**: January 5, 1919 - The German Labor Party is founded in Germany, later renamed the National Socialist German Labor Party.
* **Paris Peace Conference**: January 18, 1919 - The conference concludes with the signing of several treaties, including the Treaty of Versailles and the Saint-Germain Treaty.
* **Korean Independence Declaration**: March 1, 1919 - A one-sided declaration of Korean independence is made.
* **Removal of Greeks from İzmir**: March 14, 1919 - The plan to remove Greeks from İzmir is accepted by Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Orlando, and Wilson.
* **Occupation of Merzifon**: March 15, 1919 - Merzifon is occupied.
* **Founding of the Fascist Alliance in Italy**: March 23, 1919 - Benito Mussolini sets up the Fascist Alliance in Italy.

### Asia

* **Benito Mussolini's rise to power**: The events described above mark the beginning of Mussolini's rise to power in Italy.