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History of Zadar

Zadar, a city located in northern Dalmatia, Croatia, is considered the oldest continuously inhabited settlement in the country. With its rich history spanning over 2,800 years, Zadar has been an important center for various civilizations and empires.

The city's origins date back to the 9th century BC when it was settled by the Illyrian tribe of Liburnians. The name "Zadar" is derived from the ancient Greek word "Iadasinoi," which referred to the settlement. In 59 BC, Zadar became a Roman municipium and was later renamed Iadera (Jadera). During this period, it played an essential role in the Western Roman Empire.

In the 10th century, Byzantine control over Dalmatia was disputed among various groups, including Goths, Franks, and Croats. However, Zadar remained a significant city under the Byzantine province of Dalmatia and later the Duchy of Dalmatia.

Zadar's strategic location made it an attractive target for various empires throughout history. In 998, the city pledged allegiance to Doge Pietro II Orseolo and became a vassal state of the Republic of Venice. This marked the beginning of Zadar's period as a major center in the Venetian Empire.

During this time, Zadar flourished economically and culturally, becoming one of the most important cities in Dalmatia. The city was also an essential hub for trade and commerce, with its port being used to transport goods and tourists alike.

In 1358, King Louis I of Anjou took control of Zadar following the Treaty of Zadar, which marked a significant turning point in the city's history. Later, in 1409, King Ladislaus of Naples sold Dalmatia back to Venice, making Zadar the de facto capital of Venetian Dalmatia.

Throughout the centuries, Zadar has been influenced by various cultures and empires, including the Illyrian movement, which emerged during the 19th century. The city became a center for this movement, with many notable figures contributing to its development.

In 1815-1918, Zadar served as the capital of the Kingdom of Dalmatia, while in 1920, it was annexed by Italy following the Treaty of Rapallo. During World War II, Zadar suffered significantly