ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

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Çarşamba (Turkish "Wednes") is a municipality (belediye) in the homonymous Ilçe (district) of the province of Samsun on the Turkish coast of the Black Sea and at the same time a municipality of the Büyüksehir belediyesi Samsun ( metropolitan commune/province) created in 1993. Since the territorial reform of 2013, the municipality is identical to the district in terms of surface and population.

Çarşamba is located about 33 km from the largest port town of the Black Sea, Samsun. The river Yeşilırmak flows through the city and flows into the Black Sea forming the delta of Çarşamba. The Çakmak dam is located in the southwest of the district.

History
Around 4000 BC, the area of today's Çarşamba was first colonized and temporarily ruled by the Ittites. In 670 BC, the city passed under the dominion of the Milesi and became part of the colony of Amisos (Samsun). In the 6th century BC. the city was occupied by the Persians and in 63 BC. was incorporated into the Roman Empire. In the 11th century, Çarşamba was conquered by the Seljuq Turks. In 1185, the Seljuq Sultan divided his empire into eleven territories for his eleven children. Rüknettin Süleyman Şah obtained the region in which Çarşamba is located. After the end of the Seljuq Empire, Çarşamba became the center of the Turkish principality of Canik, who was led by five princes, of which the Taceddinoğulları (sons of Taceddin) ruled Çarşamba and its surroundings. In 1428 it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire and temporarily administered by Yörgüç Paşa, Hoca Ali Paşa, Hazinedaroğulları.

After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, when it was to repopulate the city, Muhammad II moved from Çarşamba several inhabitants, who settled in the homonymous district of Istanbul to which they named the name.

In the 17th century, a Christian neighborhood existed west of the river. Around 1847, the area around Samsun was removed from the province of Sivas and incorporated into the province of Trebisonda. In 1870, Çarşamba was elevated to the status of kaza ("city "). At that time, it had 32.153 men, 9,200 families (a house or apartment by family) and 119 villages.

Most of the young people took part in the Turkish War of Independence. In 1920, Topal Osman Ağa ("Osman lo Zoppo") was in charge of disarming Greek and Armenian bands in the mountains. After the security of citizens was guaranteed, more and more people migrated back to Çarşamba.

After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, several inhabitants moved to various centres of the island, including Lapathos.

Administration
Çarşamba became a district (İlçe) of Turkey in the Sanjaccato of Canik (Samsun) of the Vilayet of Trebisonda immediately after the founding of the republic in 1923, and in 1925 a district administration was established. Until the end of 2012, the district consisted of the four municipalities (Belediye) of Ağcagüney, Çınarlık, Dikbıyık and Hürriyet, and 121 villages (Köy) in two Bucak, as well as the district city. N